Moreover, T. Silva et al. Furthermore, feeding behavior of thrips vectors to virus infected plants is known to differ between the sexes and viruliferous nature of the pests. For example, males of western flower thrips, F. This could be due to more robust virus infection of males and sexually dimorphic feeding behaviors Rotenberg et al. Our present study provides additional evidence on sexually dimorphic behavioral responses of onion thrips, T.

Hence, a better understanding on the chemical ecology of thrips vectors, MCMV and host plants interactions could provide valuable insight into developing environmentally sustainable and effective thrips vectors monitoring and management tools by exploiting plant derived volatile semiochemicals mediating the interactions.

This, in turn, will greatly contribute towards disease management efforts by mitigating virus transmission and spread while maintaining ecologically integrity. For example, studies have shown that addition of semiochemical attractants to monitoring tools like sticky cards increases capture of thrips species such as western flower thrips and onion thrips Abdullah et al.

Similarly, semiochemical-baited autoinoculation devices treated with fungal-based biopesticides e. Metarhizium anisopliae have been used to control thrips Niassy et al. Multi- trophic interactions between insect vectors, host plants and viruses causingMLNis a complex pathosystem.

Our current findings established that MCMV, one of the causative agents of MLN, infection induces changes in volatile profiles of maize plants to attract thrips vectors and characterized the main volatile compounds mediating the interactions. Examining the role of individual volatile components and their blends in influencing thrips behavior and vector competence including their effects on insects settling, virus acquisition and dispersal under laboratory and field condition is an important goal for future research.

This will provide further clarity on the Maize-MCMV- thrips interactions and virus epidemiology and aid in designing integrated thrips and MCMV management strategies. The views expressed herein do not necessarily reflect the official opinion of these donors. Antagonistic plant defense system regulated by phytohormones assists interactions among vector insect, thrips and a tospovirus.

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